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# types
nil: nil. it's always nil
bool: true, false.
num: 1234. -123.56. 64bit floating point number
cfunc: pointer to native c function
func: badthing function
arr: [ 10 20 30 ] array of badthing values
array indexing is the same as function calling: (a 1) -> 20
string: 'word "string with spaces"
strings are interned: two strings with the same contents
are always the same object in memory
# variables
let, def, fn, defn introduce new locals
locals are lexically scoped, and scopes can be nested
closures and upvalues will work soon
if a local is not found with a given name, the name is instead
resolved as a global.
this behaviour might change because it's not very good.
def and defn are only allowed at top level
# builtin forms
arithmetic: + - * / % (+ 1 2)
comparison: (< 0 1). ">" omitted deliberately.
equality: (= (+ 2 2) 4)
arrlit: internal; [1 2 3] is technically sugar for (arrlit (1 2 3))
def: (def foo 123) creates new local in current scope
defn: (defn (f x) body...) function's name bound as local within body
do: (do body...) returns value of last expr in body
each: (each (x arr) body...) array for-each loop. returns nil
fn: (fn (arg0 arg1 arg2) body...) anonymous. for now.
for: (for (i 10) body...) numeric for loop, i=0,1,...,9 returns nil
if: (if cond true-expr false-expr)
let: unremarkable. (let (a 100 b 200) (+ a b))
quote: internal. 'foo and "foo" are technically sugar for (quote foo)
set!: mutates values. (set! x 10)
arrays: (set! (a 1) 20) sets index 1 of a
setting 1 past the end of an array will append
when: (when cond body...) like if with multiple body exprs. returns nil
while: (while cond body...) returns nil
# builtin functions
(clock): clock(3)
(say x): print representation of x, followed by newline
(write x): print representation of x, with no newline
(writebytes a): a is a list of nums in [0,255]
(readstring filename): reads whole file as a string
(arr): create new empty array
(append! a x): appends to array a in place, returns a
(delete! a i): deletes element i of array a. i must be in bounds. returns a
(# a): get length of array a
(, ...): pend. concatenates arrays, promotes non-arrays to arrays
(, [1 2 3] 4) -> [1 2 3 4]
(, [1 2 3] [4 5]) -> [1 2 3 4 5]
(, 10 20) -> [10 20] etc
(s, ...): spend. concatenates strings
(s,@ a): spendsplat. (s,@ [a b c]) <=> (s, a b c)
(ssub? needle haystack): is substring?
(ssplit delim text): splits text on delim, delim is removed from sections
(schars-ascii s): returns arr containing ascii chars (bytes) in s
(sin x) (cos x) (ceil x) (floor x) (abs x): should be obvious
# cmdline args
bth [-Dl] [-Dt] filenames...
-Dl: print bytecode listing before execution
-Dt: trace each executed bytecode instruction
-Ds: dump read s-expressions
filename "-" can be provided to mean stdin.
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