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|
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "com.h"
#include "mem.h"
#include "chunk.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "lib.h"
#include "read.h"
#include "dis.h"
#define BYTECODE(C) (C->ch->bc)
enum flags {
F_toplevel = 1,
F_tail = 2,
};
Chunk chunk_new(State *S) {
return (Chunk){ 0 };
}
Compiler compiler_new(State *S, Compiler *outer, Chunk *ch) {
return (Compiler){
.S = S,
.ch = ch,
.stack_cur = 0,
.scope = NULL,
};
}
static void cpl_expr(Compiler *C, Val v, int flags);
static int stack_effect_of(Op opcode) {
switch (opcode) {
case OP_LOADK:
case OP_GETGLOBAL:
case OP_GETLOCAL:
case OP_NIL:
case OP_TRUE:
case OP_FALSE:
case OP_ARRNEW:
return 1;
case OP_SKIP:
case OP_REDO:
case OP_SETGLOBAL:
case OP_SETLOCAL:
case OP_RET:
case OP_HALT:
case OP_ARRLEN:
return 0;
case OP_DROP:
case OP_0BRANCH:
case OP_ADD:
case OP_SUB:
case OP_MUL:
case OP_DIV:
case OP_CMP:
case OP_EQU:
case OP_MOD:
case OP_ARRAPPEND:
return -1;
case OP_SETIDX:
return -2;
// these ones depend on their argument. handle them specifically
case OP_CALL:
case OP_TAILCALL:
case OP_ENDSCOPE:
ERROR("stack effect of opcode %d not constant",opcode);
break;
default:
ERROR("unknown opcode %d",opcode);
break;
}
}
// compilation of things
static void cpl_byte(Compiler *C, uint8_t byte) {
Chunk *ch = C->ch;
ENSURE_CAP(C->S, ch->bc, uint8_t, ch->bc.len+1);
ch->bc.d[ch->bc.len++] = byte;
}
static void cpl_op(Compiler *C, Op op) {
int stack_effect = stack_effect_of(op);
C->stack_cur += stack_effect;
cpl_byte(C, op);
}
// particular instructions
static uint8_t cpl_const(Compiler *C, Val v) {
Chunk *ch = C->ch;
for (int i = 0; i < ch->consts.len; i++) {
if (val_equal(v, ch->consts.d[i])) {
return i;
}
}
CHECK(ch->consts.len < 256, "maximum number of constants per function reached");
ENSURE_CAP(C->S, ch->consts, Val, ch->consts.len+1);
uint8_t ix = ch->consts.len;
ch->consts.d[ch->consts.len++] = v;
return ix;
}
static void cpl_constop(Compiler *C, Op op, Val v) {
cpl_op(C, op);
cpl_byte(C, cpl_const(C, v));
}
static void cpl_call(Compiler *C, uint8_t len) {
cpl_byte(C, OP_CALL);
cpl_byte(C, len);
C->stack_cur -= len - 1;
}
static void cpl_tailcall(Compiler *C, uint8_t len) {
cpl_byte(C, OP_TAILCALL);
cpl_byte(C, len);
C->stack_cur -= len - 1;
}
static void cpl_endscope(Compiler *C, uint8_t nlocals) {
if (nlocals > 0) {
cpl_byte(C, OP_ENDSCOPE);
cpl_byte(C, nlocals);
C->stack_cur -= nlocals;
}
}
// jump offsets and things
static size_t placeholder(Compiler *C) {
size_t old_ix = BYTECODE(C).len;
cpl_byte(C, 0x00);
cpl_byte(C, 0x00);
return old_ix;
}
static void patch(Compiler *C, size_t addr, uint16_t val) {
BYTECODE(C).d[addr] = val & 0xff;
BYTECODE(C).d[addr+1] = (val & 0xff00) >> 8;
}
// scopes and locals
static void begin_scope(Compiler *C) {
Scope *sc = malloc(sizeof(Scope));
CHECK(sc != NULL, "memory fail");
memset(sc, 0, sizeof(Scope));
sc->outer = C->scope;
C->scope = sc;
}
static void end_scope(Compiler *C) {
Scope *sc = C->scope;
CHECK(sc != NULL, "attempt to end nonexistent scope");
C->scope = sc->outer;
// printf("ending scope with %d locals, named: \n", sc->nlocals);
// for (int i = 0; i < sc->nlocals; i++) {
// Local loc = sc->locals[i];
// printf("\t%3d %s\n",loc.slot, loc.name);
// }
cpl_endscope(C, sc->nlocals);
free(sc);
}
// returns slot of declared local
static uint8_t declare_local(Compiler *C, char *name) {
Scope *sc = C->scope;
CHECK(sc != NULL, "can't declare local outside of scope");
CHECK(sc->nlocals < MAX_LOCALS, "maximum number of locals per function exceeded");
Local *l = &sc->locals[sc->nlocals++];
l->name = name;
// -1 because local is expected to be already on the stack
// ie sitting just below where stack_cur points
uint8_t slot = C->stack_cur - 1;
l->slot = slot;
// printf("declaring local %s at %d, stack_cur is %d\n",l->name, l->slot, C->stack_cur);
return slot;
}
static Local *locate_local(Compiler *C, char *name) {
for (Scope *sc = C->scope; sc != NULL; sc = sc->outer) {
for (int i = 0; i < sc->nlocals; i++) {
Local *loc = &sc->locals[i];
if (0 == strcmp(loc->name, name))
return loc;
}
}
return NULL;
}
// compiles a body, ie sequence of "toplevel" expressions in which
// declarations are allowed
static void cpl_body(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, int startat, int flags) {
CHECK(a->len > 0, "tried to compile empty body");
CHECK(startat < a->len, "tried to startat past end of body");
begin_scope(C);
for (int i = startat; i < a->len - 1; i++) {
cpl_expr(C, a->d[i], F_toplevel);
cpl_op(C, OP_DROP);
}
cpl_expr(C, a->d[a->len - 1], F_toplevel | (flags & F_tail));
end_scope(C);
}
// the forms!
static void set_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
Val target = a->d[1];
if (IS_STRING(target)) {
// set variable: local or global
char *name = AS_CSTRING(target);
Local *loc = locate_local(C, name);
if (loc) {
// write local
cpl_expr(C, a->d[2], 0);
cpl_op(C, OP_SETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, loc->slot);
} else {
// write global
cpl_expr(C, a->d[2], 0);
cpl_constop(C, OP_SETGLOBAL, target);
}
} else if (IS_ARR(target)) {
ObjArr *pair = AS_ARR(target);
CHECK(pair->len == 2, "can only set to (arr, ix) 2-pair");
// (value arr ix) <- TOS
cpl_expr(C, a->d[2], 0);
cpl_expr(C, pair->d[0], 0);
cpl_expr(C, pair->d[1], 0);
cpl_op(C, OP_SETIDX);
}
}
static void do_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
cpl_body(C, a, 1, flags);
}
static void if_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
// (if cond if-true if-false)
// cond
// 0branch ->A
// if-true
// skip ->B
// A: if-false
// B:
// never toplevel
int downflags = flags & ~F_toplevel;
int orig_stack_cur = C->stack_cur;
cpl_expr(C, a->d[1], 0);
cpl_op(C, OP_0BRANCH);
size_t ph_a = placeholder(C);
cpl_expr(C, a->d[2], downflags);
cpl_op(C, OP_SKIP);
size_t ph_b = placeholder(C);
size_t dest_a = BYTECODE(C).len;
int stack_cur_a = C->stack_cur;
C->stack_cur = orig_stack_cur;
cpl_expr(C, a->d[3], downflags);
size_t dest_b = BYTECODE(C).len;
int stack_cur_b = C->stack_cur;
patch(C, ph_a, dest_a - ph_a - 2);
patch(C, ph_b, dest_b - ph_b - 2);
CHECK(stack_cur_a == stack_cur_b, "this should never happen");
CHECK(stack_cur_a == orig_stack_cur + 1, "this should never happen");
}
static void when_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
// (when cond body...)
// cond
// 0branch -> A
// body...
// drop
// A:
// nil
cpl_expr(C, a->d[1], 0);
cpl_op(C, OP_0BRANCH);
size_t ph = placeholder(C);
cpl_body(C, a, 2, 0);
cpl_op(C, OP_DROP);
size_t dest = BYTECODE(C).len;
patch(C, ph, dest - ph - 2);
cpl_op(C, OP_NIL);
}
static void while_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
// (while cond body ...)
// A:
// cond
// 0branch ->B
// body ....
// redo ->A
// B:
// nil (while loop always returns nil)
size_t dest_a = BYTECODE(C).len;
cpl_expr(C, a->d[1], 0);
cpl_op(C, OP_0BRANCH);
size_t ph_b = placeholder(C);
cpl_body(C, a, 2, flags & ~F_tail);
cpl_op(C, OP_DROP);
cpl_op(C, OP_REDO);
size_t ph_a = placeholder(C);
size_t dest_b = BYTECODE(C).len;
cpl_op(C, OP_NIL);
patch(C, ph_a, ph_a - dest_a + 2);
patch(C, ph_b, dest_b - ph_b - 2);
}
static void arith_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op op, int flags) {
cpl_expr(C, a->d[1], 0);
cpl_expr(C, a->d[2], 0);
cpl_op(C, op);
}
static void let_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
CHECK(IS_ARR(a->d[1]), "let's first argument must be list");
ObjArr *bindlist = AS_ARR(a->d[1]);
CHECK(bindlist->len % 2 == 0, "unmatched binding in let");
int nbinds = bindlist->len / 2;
begin_scope(C);
for (int i = 0; i < nbinds; i++) {
int ix = i * 2;
Val name = bindlist->d[ix];
Val expr = bindlist->d[ix+1];
CHECK(IS_STRING(name), "binding name must be identifier");
cpl_expr(C, expr, 0);
declare_local(C, AS_CSTRING(name));
}
cpl_body(C, a, 2, flags);
end_scope(C);
}
static void for_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
// (for (x n) ...)
CHECK(IS_ARR(a->d[1]), "for needs binding list");
ObjArr *blist = AS_ARR(a->d[1]);
CHECK(blist->len == 2, "for binding list must have length 2");
CHECK(IS_STRING(blist->d[0]), "can only bind to ident");
char *ivar = AS_CSTRING(blist->d[0]);
begin_scope(C);
cpl_constop(C, OP_LOADK, VAL_NUM(0));
uint8_t islot = declare_local(C, ivar);
cpl_expr(C, blist->d[1], 0);
uint8_t mslot = declare_local(C, "__max__");
// A
// getlocal ivar
// getlocal max
// cmp
// 0branch -> B
// body ...
// incr ivar
// redo -> A
// B:
// nil
size_t dest_A = BYTECODE(C).len;
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, islot);
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, mslot);
cpl_op(C, OP_CMP);
cpl_op(C, OP_0BRANCH);
size_t ph_B = placeholder(C);
cpl_body(C, a, 2, flags & ~F_tail);
cpl_op(C, OP_DROP);
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, islot);
cpl_constop(C, OP_LOADK, VAL_NUM(1));
cpl_op(C, OP_ADD);
cpl_op(C, OP_SETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, islot);
cpl_op(C, OP_DROP);
cpl_op(C, OP_REDO);
size_t ph_A = placeholder(C);
size_t dest_B = BYTECODE(C).len;
cpl_op(C, OP_NIL);
patch(C, ph_A , ph_A - dest_A + 2);
patch(C, ph_B ,dest_B - ph_B - 2);
end_scope(C);
}
static void each_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
// (each (x a) ...)
// returns nil, for now
CHECK(IS_ARR(a->d[1]), "each needs binding list");
ObjArr *blist = AS_ARR(a->d[1]);
CHECK(blist->len == 2, "each binding list must have length 2");
CHECK(IS_STRING(blist->d[0]), "can only bind to ident");
char *ivar = AS_CSTRING(blist->d[0]);
begin_scope(C);
cpl_constop(C, OP_LOADK, VAL_NUM(0));
uint8_t islot = declare_local(C, "__idx__");
cpl_expr(C, blist->d[1], 0);
uint8_t aslot = declare_local(C, "__arr__");
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, aslot);
cpl_op(C, OP_ARRLEN);
uint8_t mslot = declare_local(C, "__max__");
cpl_op(C, OP_ARRNEW);
uint8_t oslot = declare_local(C, "__out__");
cpl_op(C, OP_NIL);
uint8_t vslot = declare_local(C, ivar);
// A
// getlocal idx
// getlocal max
// cmp
// 0branch -> B
// getlocal arr
// getlocal idx
// call 2
// setlocal ivar
// getlocal out
// body ...
// arrappend
// drop
// incr idx
// redo -> A
// B:
// nil
size_t dest_A = BYTECODE(C).len;
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, islot);
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, mslot);
cpl_op(C, OP_CMP);
cpl_op(C, OP_0BRANCH);
size_t ph_B = placeholder(C);
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, aslot);
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, islot);
cpl_call(C, 2);
cpl_op(C, OP_SETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, vslot);
cpl_op(C, OP_DROP);
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, oslot);
cpl_body(C, a, 2, flags & ~F_tail);
cpl_op(C, OP_ARRAPPEND);
cpl_op(C, OP_DROP);
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, islot);
cpl_constop(C, OP_LOADK, VAL_NUM(1));
cpl_op(C, OP_ADD);
cpl_op(C, OP_SETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, islot);
cpl_op(C, OP_DROP);
cpl_op(C, OP_REDO);
size_t ph_A = placeholder(C);
size_t dest_B = BYTECODE(C).len;
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, oslot);
patch(C, ph_A, ph_A - dest_A + 2);
patch(C, ph_B, dest_B - ph_B - 2);
end_scope(C);
}
static void def_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
CHECK(IS_STRING(a->d[1]), "def's first argument must be ident");
CHECK(flags & F_toplevel, "def only allowed at top level");
cpl_expr(C, a->d[2], 0);
declare_local(C, AS_CSTRING(a->d[1]));
// whatever is calling us will compile an OP_DROP next
// or, well. not if we're in tail position. but i can't see
// any circumstance where you'd want that anyway
cpl_op(C, OP_NIL);
}
static void fn_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
// (fn (arg arg arg) body ...)
CHECK(IS_ARR(a->d[1]), "fn's first argument must be list");
ObjArr *arglist = AS_ARR(a->d[1]);
CHECK(arglist->len <= 255, "maximum 255 args for function");
uint8_t arity = arglist->len;
ObjFunc *func = objfunc_new(C->S, arity);
Compiler subcompiler = compiler_new(C->S, C, &func->ch);
Compiler *SC = &subcompiler;
begin_scope(SC);
// when called, stack slot 0 contains the function itself,
// stack slots 1..n contain passed arguments
SC->stack_cur ++;
declare_local(SC, "__func__");
for (int i = 0; i < arity; i++) {
Val argname = arglist->d[i];
CHECK(IS_STRING(argname), "argument name must be identifier");
SC->stack_cur ++;
declare_local(SC, AS_CSTRING(argname));
}
cpl_body(SC, a, 2, F_tail);
end_scope(SC);
cpl_op(SC, OP_RET);
cpl_constop(C, OP_LOADK, VAL_OBJ(func));
}
static void defn_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
// todo: reduce redundancy
CHECK(IS_ARR(a->d[1]), "defns first arg must be list");
ObjArr *blist = AS_ARR(a->d[1]);
CHECK(blist->len > 0, "defn needs at least a function name");
CHECK(blist->len <= 256, "maximum 255 args for function");
CHECK(flags & F_toplevel, "defn only allowed at toplevel");
uint8_t arity = blist->len - 1;
CHECK(IS_STRING(blist->d[0]), "func name must be ident");
char *fname = AS_CSTRING(blist->d[0]);
ObjFunc *func = objfunc_new(C->S, arity);
Compiler subcompiler = compiler_new(C->S, C, &func->ch);
Compiler *SC = &subcompiler;
begin_scope(SC);
SC->stack_cur ++;
declare_local(SC, fname);
for (int i = 0; i < arity; i++) {
Val argname = blist->d[i+1];
CHECK(IS_STRING(argname), "arg name must be identifier");
SC->stack_cur ++;
declare_local(SC, AS_CSTRING(argname));
}
cpl_body(SC, a, 2, F_tail);
end_scope(SC);
cpl_op(SC, OP_RET);
cpl_constop(C, OP_LOADK, VAL_OBJ(func));
declare_local(C, fname);
cpl_op(C, OP_NIL);
}
static void quote_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
CHECK(IS_STRING(a->d[1]), "can only quote strings for now");
cpl_constop(C, OP_LOADK, a->d[1]);
}
static void arrlit_form(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op _, int flags) {
CHECK(IS_ARR(a->d[1]), "can only arrlit a list");
ObjArr *exprs = AS_ARR(a->d[1]);
cpl_op(C, OP_ARRNEW);
for (int i = 0; i < exprs->len; i++) {
cpl_expr(C, exprs->d[i], 0);
cpl_op(C, OP_ARRAPPEND);
}
}
typedef void (*form_compiler)(Compiler *C, ObjArr *a, Op op, int flags);
typedef struct {
char *name;
int min_params;
bool ellipsis;
form_compiler action;
Op op;
} BuiltinForm;
static BuiltinForm builtin_forms[] = {
{ "set!", 2, false, set_form, 0 },
{ "do", 1, true, do_form, 0 },
{ "if", 3, false, if_form, 0 },
{ "when", 2, true, when_form, 0 },
{ "while", 2, true, while_form, 0 },
{ "for", 2, true, for_form, 0 },
{ "each", 2, true, each_form, 0 },
{ "fn", 2, true, fn_form, 0 },
{ "let", 2, true, let_form, 0 },
{ "def", 2, false, def_form, 0 },
{ "defn", 2, true, defn_form, 0 },
{ "quote", 1, false, quote_form, 0 },
{ "arrlit", 1, false, arrlit_form, 0 },
#define ARITH_OP(str, op) \
{ str, 2, false, arith_form, op },
ARITH_OP("+", OP_ADD)
ARITH_OP("-", OP_SUB)
ARITH_OP("*", OP_MUL)
ARITH_OP("/", OP_DIV)
ARITH_OP("=", OP_EQU)
ARITH_OP("<", OP_CMP)
ARITH_OP("%", OP_MOD)
#undef ARITH_OP
{ 0 },
};
static BuiltinForm *find_builtinform(char *name) {
for (BuiltinForm *b = builtin_forms; b->name != NULL; b++)
if (0 == strcmp(b->name, name)) return b;
return NULL;
}
static void cpl_expr(Compiler *C, Val v, int flags) {
int stack_cur_a = C->stack_cur;
int nlocals_a = 0;
if (C->scope) {
nlocals_a = C->scope->nlocals;
}
switch (val_type(v)) {
case TY_NUM: case TY_NIL: case TY_BOOL:
cpl_constop(C, OP_LOADK, v);
break;
case OTY_STRING:;
Local *loc = locate_local(C, AS_CSTRING(v));
if (loc) {
cpl_op(C, OP_GETLOCAL);
cpl_byte(C, loc->slot);
} else {
cpl_constop(C, OP_GETGLOBAL, v);
}
break;
case OTY_ARR:;
ObjArr *a = AS_ARR(v);
size_t len = a->len;
CHECK(len > 0, "can't handle empty array");
Val first = a->d[0];
BuiltinForm *form = NULL;
if (IS_STRING(first))
form = find_builtinform(AS_CSTRING(first));
if (form) {
size_t nargs = len - 1;
if (form->ellipsis)
CHECK(nargs >= form->min_params, "%s requires at least %d parameters",
form->name, form->min_params);
else
CHECK(nargs == form->min_params, "%s requires exactly %d parameters",
form->name, form->min_params);
form->action(C, a, form->op, flags);
} else {
// function call
CHECK(len < 256, "max 255 args in a function call");
for (int i = 0; i < a->len; i++)
cpl_expr(C, a->d[i], 0);
if (flags & F_tail)
cpl_tailcall(C, len);
else
cpl_call(C, len);
}
break;
}
int stack_cur_b = C->stack_cur;
int nlocals_b = C->stack_cur;
if (C->scope) {
nlocals_b = C->scope->nlocals;
}
// every badthing expression returns exactly one value,
// and might declare some locals as well, which also live on the stack
// so (returned values) = (stack change) - (new locals) = 1
CHECK( (stack_cur_b - stack_cur_a) - (nlocals_b - nlocals_a) == 1,
"stack corruption (compiler bug)");
CHECK( (flags & F_toplevel) || (nlocals_b == nlocals_a),
"local declared not at top level (compiler bug)");
}
static char buf[8193];
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
State st = state_new();
State *S = &st;
Chunk ch = chunk_new(S);
S->do_disasm = false;
S->do_trace = false;
S->do_dumpsexpr = false;
char *infile_names[16];
int infile_name_n = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
infile_names[infile_name_n++] = argv[i];
CHECK(infile_name_n < 16, "input file count exceeded");
continue;
}
switch (argv[i][1]) {
case 'D':
CHECK(strlen(argv[i]) > 1, "unknown option a");
switch (argv[i][2]) {
case 'l': S->do_disasm = true; break;
case 't': S->do_trace = true; break;
case 's': S->do_dumpsexpr = true; break;
default: ERROR("unknown option b");
}
break;
default: ERROR("unknown option c");
}
}
Compiler com = (Compiler){ 0 };
com.S = S;
com.ch = &ch;
if (infile_name_n == 0) infile_names[infile_name_n++] = "-";
for (int i = 0; i < infile_name_n; i++) {
char *fname = infile_names[i];
FILE *infile = NULL;
if (0 == strcmp(fname, "-"))
infile = stdin;
else
infile = fopen(fname, "r");
if (infile == NULL) {
perror("fopen");
exit(1);
}
fread(buf, 1, 8192, infile);
buf[8192] = '\0';
ObjArr *top = read_exprs(S, buf);
if (S->do_dumpsexpr)
println_val(VAL_OBJ(top));
cpl_body(&com, top, 0, 0);
}
cpl_op(&com, OP_HALT);
Thread th = thread_new(S);
th.ch = &ch;
S->th = &th;
load_stdlib(S);
return runvm(S);
}
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